°C (°F)

A. Iron and steel works

1. Blast furnace

Hot blast

1000 (1832)

Ni Cr/Ni

Open protective tube X 10 CrAl 24,
mat. No. 1.4762, bare soldering point, cemented

Crude gas

300 (572)

Ni Cr/Ni

X 10 CrAl 24,
mat. No. 1.4762, dished

2. Air preheater

Dome

1200 (2192)

Pt 10 % Rh/Pt

Outside: X 15 CrNiSi 24 19, mat. No. 1.4841,
inside: KER 710

Exhaust gas

300 (572)

Ni Cr/Ni

St 35.8, mat. No. 1.0305, seamless, enamelled

3. Open-hearth furnace

Exhaust gas ducts

600 (1112)

Ni Cr/Ni

X 10 CrAl 24,
mat. No. 1.4762, dished

Checkers

1350 (2462)

Pt 10 % Rh/Pt

Outside: Silicon carbide
inside: KER 710

Melt (for short periods)

1600 (2912)

Pt 10 % Rh/Pt

Immersion-type thermocouple element of special design

4. Soaking pit

Furnace chamber

1350 (2462)

Pt 10 % Rh/Pt

Outside: Silicon carbide
inside: KER 710

Exhaust gas before or behind recuperator

1000 (1832)

Ni Cr/Ni

X 10 CrAl 24,
mat. No. 1.4762,
dished; installation with gas-tight screw socket

Combustion air behind recuperator

700 (1292)

Ni Cr/Ni

X 10 CrAl 24,
mat. No. 1.4762,
dished; installation with gas-tight screw socket

5. Pusher, rotating hearth furnace, and other types of rolling mill furnace

Preheating zone

800 (1472)

Pt 10 % Rh/Pt or Ni Cr/Ni

Outside: Silicon carbide
inside: KER 710 or
outside: Silicon carbide
inside: KER 610

Heating zone

1250 (2282)

Pt 10 % Rh/Pt

As above

Soaking zone

1350 (2462)

Pt 10 % Rh/P

Outside: Silicon carbide
inside: KER 710

Exhaust gas before air recuperator

900 (1652)

Ni Cr/Ni

X 10 CrAl 24,
mat. No. 1.4762,
dished; installation with gas-tight screw socket

Exhaust gas before and behind gas recuperator

700 (1292)

Ni Cr/Ni

As above or KER 610

Preheated air behind recuperator

700 (1292)

Ni Cr/Ni

As above

6. Annealing furnace, roller-hearth furnace

Furnace chamber

800 (1472)

Ni Cr/Ni

X 10 CrAl 24,
mat. No. 1.4762,
dished

Exhaust gas duct

600 (1112)

Ni Cr/Ni

As above

7. Bell-type anneal. furn.

Directly heated furnace

950 (1742)

Ni Cr/Ni

X 10 CrAl 24,
mat. No. 1.4762,
dished

Stack for tin plates

600 ... 900 (1112 ... 1652)

Ni Cr/Ni

Special design, bare thermocouple element with thermal contact plate

Stapel fur Karosseriebleche

700 ... 920 (1292 ... 1688)

Ni Cr/Ni

As above

Schutzgas

650 (1202)

Ni Cr/Ni

Bare thermocouple element

8. Sinter belts

(Sucking boxes)

400 (752)

Fe/Cu Ni

(Jacket thermocouple element)
X 10 CrAl 24,
mat. No. 1.4762

For temperature maximum computing circuit

400, 500 (752, 932)

Fe/Cu Ni

As above, with double thermocouple

9. Tinning plants

Palm nut oil, pickling vat, tin bath

650 (1202)

Ni Cr/Ni

St 35.8,
mat. No. 1.0305, seamless, enamelled

10. Zinc coating plants

Zinc bath

480 (896)

Fe/Cu Ni

St 35.8,
mat. No. 1.0305,
seamless

11. Heat treatment plants

11.1 In gases

Tempering furnaces

550 (1022)

Ni Cr/Ni

St 35.8,
mat. No. 1.0305,
seamless

Annealing in oxidizing gases containing sulphur and carbon

1050 (1922)

Pt 10 % Rh/Pt (Ni Cr/Ni)

Outside: X 10 CrAl 24,
mat. No. 1.4762,
dished
inside: KER 710

1200 (2192)

Pt 10 % Rh/Pt

Outside: X 10 CrAl 24,
mat. No. 1.4762, dished
inside: KER 710

Annealing in reducing gases containing sulphur

1200 (2192)

Pt 10 % Rh/Pt

As above

Annealing in nitrogen-containing gases poor in oxygen, also nitriding furnaces with ammonia

1200 (2192)

Pt 10 % Rh/Pt

Outside:
X 15 CrNiSi 24 19,
mat. No. 1.4841, dished;
inside: KER 710

11.2 In hardening shop baths(protective tubes bored from the solid are recommended)

Salt and nitre

550 (1022)

Ni Cr/Ni

Soft iron,
mat. No. 1.1003

Cyanogen

950 (1742)

Ni Cr/Ni

Soft iron or
X 15 CrNiSi 24 19,
mat. No. 1.4841

Baths containing chloride

1050 (1922)

Pt 10 % Rh/Pt

Outside: X 10 CrAl 24,
mat. No. 1.4762,
inside: KER 710

Lead baths

1200 (2192)

Pt 10 % Rh/P

Outside: Chromium nickel alloy
NiCr 60 15,
mat. No. 2.4867,
inside: KER 710; bored from the solid

Barium chloride baths

1300 (2372)

Pt 10 % Rh/Pt

Outside: Chromium nickel alloy
NiCr 60 15,
mat. No. 2.4867,
inside: KER 710;

B. Metallurgical plants (only limited life time in molten metals)

Copper melt

1250 (2282)

Pt 10 % Rh/Pt

Outside: X 10 CrSi 29, mat. No. 1.4772,
bored from the solid
inside: KER 710

Exhaust of copper melting furnaces

1300 (2372)

Pt 10 % Rh/Pt

Outside: Silicon carbide
inside: KER 710

Brass melts

900 (1652)

Ni Cr/Ni

X 10 CrAl 29,
mat. No. 1.4772,
bored from the solid

Aluminium melts

700 (1292)

Ni Cr/Ni

Pearlite iron GG 22, bored from the solid

Die-casting, magnesium

700 (1292)

Ni Cr/Ni

Soft iron,
mat. No. 1.1003, bored from the solid

Bearing metal, lead and tin melting houses

600 (1112)

Fe/Cu Ni

St 35.8,
mat. No. 1.0305,
seamless, enamelled

Lead foundries

700 (1292)

Fe/Cu Ni

Chromium nickel alloy
NiCr 60 15,
mat. No. 2.4867, bored from the solid

Zinc foundries

480 (878)

Fe/Cu Ni

St 35.8,
mat. No. 1.0305,
seamless

600 (1112)

Fe/Cu Ni

Silicon carbide

Exhaust gases of zinc melting furnaces

1300 (2372)

Pt 10 % Rh/Pt

Outside: Silicon carbide
inside: KER 710

C. Ceramic industry

Ring kiln for standard bricks

800 ... 1100 (1472 ... 2012)

Ni Cr/Ni

X 10 CrAl 24,
mat. No. 1.4762, dished

Ring kiln for clinkers, retort furnace, tunnel furnace, glazing kiln

1200 ... 1300 (2192 ... 2372)

Pt 10 % Rh/Pt

Outside and inside: KER 710

D. Glass industry

1. Glass trough furnace

Checkers of the regenerative chambers, above

1300 (2372)

Pt 10 % Rh/Pt

Outside: KER 530
Inside: KER 710

Checkers of the regenerative chambers, below

600 (1112)

Ni Cr/Ni

Thermocouple porcelain

Lateral walls, roof, bottom (in drilled channels down to 50 mm below the bath)

1550 (2822)
1400 (2552)

Pt 30 % Rh/
Pt 6 % Rh

Outside and inside:
KER 710

Leer

800 (1472)

Ni Cr/Ni

X 10 CrAl 24,
mat. No. 1.4762,
dished

Annealing furnace

1200 (2192)

Pt 10 % Rh/Pt

KER 710

2. Pot furnace

1500 (2732)

Pt 30 % Rh/ Pt 6 % Rh

Outside and inside: KER 710

3. Gas generators

Crude gas

750 (1382)

Ni Cr/Ni

X 10 CrAl 24,
mat. No. 1.4762,
dished

Rotary grate

(Grate head)

180 ... 200 (356 ... 392)
For short periods:
500 to 1000 (932 to 1832)

Fe/Cu Ni

Special design on request (to be manufactured on site according to specifications)

E. Cement industry Rotary kilns

Secondary air at cooler

900 (1652)

Ni Cr/Ni

X 10 CrAl 24,
mat. No. 1.4762

Hot chamber

900 (1652)

Ni Cr/Ni

X 10 CrAl 24,
mat. No. 1.4762

Drying chamber

400 (752)

Fe/Cu Ni

St 35.8,
mat. No. 1.0305, or similar, enamelled

F. Cellulose factories

Sulphur combustion furnaces, pyrite burnerr

to 1500 (2732)

Pt 30 % Rh/ Pt 6 % Rh

Outside: Silicon carbide
inside: KER 710

Behind waste heat boiler

600 (1112)

Ni Cr/Ni

X 10 CrAl 24,
mat. No. 1.4762

G. Steam power parts

Water and steam lines (screw-in and welding-type thermocouple elements)

Screw-in thermocouple element

300 (572)

Fe/Cu Ni

Sn Bz 6 bronze, to DIN 1726 (only for air or water)

Screw-in thermocouple element

400 (752)

Fe/Cu Ni

St 35.8,
mat. No. 1.0305

Screw-in thermocouple element

500 (932)

Fe/Cu Ni

113 CrMo 44,
mat. No. 1.7335

Welding-type thermocouple element

540 (1004)

Fe/Cu Ni

113 CrMo 44,
mat. No. 1.7335

Welding-type thermocouple element

570 (1058)

Ni Cr/Ni

10 CrMo 9 10,
mat. No. 1.7380

750 (1382)

Fe/Cu Ni
(Ni Cr/Ni)

X 8 CrMoNb 16 16,
mat. No. 1.4981

Flue gas

1000 (1832)

Pt 10 % Rh/Pt

Megapyr,
Cr Al 20 5,
mat. No. 1.4767
or
outside: X 10 CrAl 24,
mat. No. 1.4762,
inside: KER 710 St

600 (1112)

(Ni Cr/Ni)

St 35.8,
mat. No. 1.0305, enamelled

Pulverized coal/air mixture line

100 (212)

Fe/Cu Ni

St 35.8,
mat. No. 1.0305,
(with baffle rod)